Jay Nordlinger, in Part IV of his series on the Oslo Freedom Forum, identifies what it will take to "fix" Africa:

There is such a thing as oversimplifying. There is also such a thing as overcomplicating. What do Africans need? The same things everyone else needs: the rule of law; property rights; an independent judiciary; accountability in government; economic freedom; other freedom. Then they will zoom. They are not born to be poor and desolate. The systems that control them make them that way.

Mankind knows pretty well what leads to prosperity and what leads to the opposite. Our experience has been ample - redundant. The road to prosperity is blocked by collectivists, tyrants, and spoilers.